Objective To provide a reference for the application of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides. Methods This study reviewed literature to summarize the research progress on the isolation and purification, physicochemical properties, structural identification, and hypoglycemic activity of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides. Conclusion The extraction process of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides requires further optimization. The physicochemical properties and structural identification methods have been well-established, demonstrating promising hypoglycemic activity.