Objective This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis using network pharmacology.Methods In this study, high-throughput retrieval of active components of Datura metel was first performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform combined with the PubChem chemoinformatics database. Subsequently, the Swiss Target Prediction system was used to conduct target spectrum analysis on candidate active compounds. Simultaneously, psoriasis-related targets were systematically captured through the OMIM disease genomics database and GeneCards gene annotation knowledge base. Finally, the Venny 2.1.0 bioinformatics visualization tool was employed for topological analysis of the drug-disease target network, and core action target groups of Datura metel in treating psoriasis were revealed through multi-dimensional validation mechanisms. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and the core genes of PPI were screened plugin of Cytoscape software. The "drug-component-target-disease" network diagrams were constructed using Cytoscape software. The DAVID database was used to conduct gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis on the above intersection target sites to obtain the biological mechanism of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis.Results Through database analysis, 310 target sites of Datura stramonium were screened out, 4466 psoriasis-related target sites were obtained, and 224 common target sites were identified. 49 key target sites were screened out from the PPI network. GO functional enrichment analysis shows that the biological processes and functions of Datura metel are concentrated on protein- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related functions, plasma membrane and membrane structures in cellular components, and protein phosphorylation and chromatin remodeling activity in molecular functions, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the treatment of psoriasis by Datura stramonium mainly involved pathways in cancer, endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, prostate cancer, etc.Conclusion Based on the network pharmacology research method, this study found that the pharmacological basis of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis lies in its multiple active components that can exert effects through a multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic regulatory network. The research results provide important theoretical support for further in-depth exploration of the mechanism of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis and its clinical application. 

Polygonati Rhizoma is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) contains three medicinal source species of Polygonatum sibiricum Red., Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and the main medicinal part is its rhizome. Polygonati Rhizoma have sweet and mild property, rich in polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and other active ingredients. The content of active ingredients is the determining factor for the normal efficacy of TCM, and the active ingredient extraction process applied to Polygonati Rhizoma is continuously optimized along with the innovation of the extraction technology of TCM ingredients, and the active ingredient extraction methods and process conditions applicable to medicinal and edible Polygonati Rhizoma are different. Therefore, it is very important to choose the correct and effective extraction method to improve the yield of active ingredients according to their characteristics and purposes. This paper reviewed the various extraction methods for the active components of Polygonati Rhizoma, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and the current application status of the extraction process, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the selection of the optimal extraction process of the active components of Polygonati Rhizoma for different applications.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of stevia rebaudiana polysaccharide (SRP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its therapeutic effect on cell fat accumulation. Methods Cultivation of LO2 cells and measurement of their proliferative activity, treatment of LO2 cells with stevia rebaudiana root polysaccharides at different concentrations to determine whether stevia rebaudiana cells have toxicity to LO2 cells, induction of LO2 cells with oleic acid (OA), development of a cell model of NAFLD in vitro, Use of cck8 to measure cell activity, and with oil red O staining to observe fat accumulation.Treatment with oleic acid (OA) in different concentrations of Stevia Rebaudiana polysaccharide induced LO2 cells and oily red O staining was performed to observe the improvement of Stevia Rebaudiana polysaccharide on LO2 fat accumulation. Results After SRP treatment, SRP significantly reduced the accumulation of fat around LO2 cells. Conclusion Stevia rebaudiana polysaccharide can prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating lipid metabolism disorders and reducing the accumulation of fat around cells.Therefore, stevia root polysaccharide plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Objective A randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III trial (IMforte) demonstrated that lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) compared with atezolizumab alone. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab as first-line treatment for ES-SCLC from the perspective of the United States. Methods Based on the IMforte trial, a Markov model was developed to simulate the disease progression of ES-SCLC, including three health states: progression-free survival (PFS), disease progression (PD), and death. The model simulation period was 10 years with a 3-week cycle. The model used cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) as output indicators, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated through cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the economic feasibility of lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab compared with atezolizumab alone. Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were conducted to test the robustness of the model. Results Compared with atezolizumab alone, the lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab group had an additional cost of $85,854.15 and an incremental benefit of 0.2 QALYs. The lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab group was not cost-effective compared with the atezolizumab group, with an ICER of $429,270.75/QALY, exceeding the willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000. The model was most sensitive to the cost and PFS utility value of the lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab group. Conclusion From the perspective of US payers, lurbinectedin combined with atezolizumab is not a cost-effective option for first-line treatment of ES-SCLC.

Objective To provide a reference for the application of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides. Methods This study reviewed literature to summarize the research progress on the isolation and purification, physicochemical properties, structural identification, and hypoglycemic activity of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides. Conclusion The extraction process of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides requires further optimization. The physicochemical properties and structural identification methods have been well-established, demonstrating promising hypoglycemic activity.

Objective Pyrazolone and hydroxyindole structures are two very important pharmacophore, which occupy a very important position in medicinal chemistry. Among them, pyrazolone is a kind of five membered heterocyclic compounds containing N-N bond. It has become one of the most important nitrogen heterocycles in heterocycles due to its wide application in medicinal chemistry and functional materials. At the same time, hydroxyindole derivatives have unique physiological anticancer activity and analgesic effects due to their unique chemical structure. Isatin is an oxidation product of indigo, found in plants of the genus Isatis, and is a metabolic derivative of adrenaline in the human body. In view of the importance of pharmacophore combination strategy in drug research and development, the organic combination of these two pharmacophore will lay an important molecular foundation for drug research and development. Methods Considering the important application of SNV reaction in C-C bond coupling, in this paper, starting from the 4-position monosubstituted pyrazolone, a variety of chiral alkenylpyrazolone adduct were obtained through the SNV reaction between it and the isatin-derived nitroalkenes. The optimal reaction conditions were determined by screening factors such as catalysts, solvents, and temperature. Under the optimal reaction conditions, substrate expansion of structurally diverse pyrazolone compounds was achieved, and the resulting products were characterized and analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and other methods to determine their structures. Results This synthesis strategy constructs a series of chiral alkenyls containing a tetrasubstituted stereoisomeric center with a hydroxyindole moiety, which have high yields (excellent regioselectivity (E: Z >20:1) and good enantioselectivity (up to 86% ee). Conclusion These new alkenylpyrazolone adduct are expected to provide material support for the search for new lead compound.

Objective The basic sources of A.erubescens in “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China” include Arisaema erubescens(wall.) Schott. Arisaema.heterophyllum Blume and Arisaema.amurense Maxim, which is most widely distributed in Liaoning, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China.The chemical constituents of A.erubescens are complex, but the reports of its main pharmacological and pharmacodynamic chemical constituents are not perfect; And it is impossible to identify the difference between A.erubescens from different sources. At present, there are few studies on the exclusive HPLC fingerprint of A.erubescens for identification and control of genuine and counterfeit products. Therefore, the separation and purification of lipid components in this paper is helpful to establish the exclusive HPLC fingerprint of A.erubescens and provide a basis for the identification of the quality of different basic A.erubescens and its decoction pieces. Methods:This method describes a complete process for the extraction and isolation of compounds from the tubers of *Arisaema heterophyllum*. First, the sliced medicinal material was subjected to reflux extraction with 95% ethanol, followed by concentration to obtain a total extract. The extract was then roughly separated by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient elution with dichloromethane-methanol and ethyl acetate-methanol solvent systems in varying ratios. The fractions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and those with similar compositions were combined to yield 11 fractions. Fraction III was further separated by Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography with 70% methanol as the eluent. The subfractions were monitored by polyamide TLC and combined to obtain four subfractions. Finally, after analysis by liquid chromatography, the target subfraction was purified using semi-preparative liquid chromatography to obtain a relatively pure sample. Results Two monomers were isolated and identified as terpineol and (E)-p-Coumaryl Alcohol by combining NMR and physicochemical properties. Conclusion:Pine alcohol and (E)-p-Coumaryl Alcohol were isolated from A.erubescens for the first time.It is suggested that the content of phenylpropanoids in fat-soluble components of A.erubescens may be higher.

Objective Pyrazolone and hydroxyindole structures are two very important pharmacophore, which occupy a very important position in medicinal chemistry. Among them, pyrazolone is a kind of five membered heterocyclic compounds containing N-N bond. It has become one of the most important nitrogen heterocycles in heterocycles due to its wide application in medicinal chemistry and functional materials. At the same time, hydroxyindole derivatives have unique physiological anticancer activity and analgesic effects due to their unique chemical structure. Isatin is an oxidation product of indigo, found in plants of the genus Isatis, and is a metabolic derivative of adrenaline in the human body. In view of the importance of pharmacophore combination strategy in drug research and development, the organic combination of these two pharmacophore will lay an important molecular foundation for drug research and development. Methods Considering the important application of SNV reaction in C-C bond coupling, in this paper, starting from the 4-position monosubstituted pyrazolone, a variety of chiral alkenylpyrazolone adduct were obtained through the SNV reaction between it and the isatin-derived nitroalkenes. The optimal reaction conditions were determined by screening factors such as catalysts, solvents, and temperature. Under the optimal reaction conditions, substrate expansion of structurally diverse pyrazolone compounds was achieved, and the resulting products were characterized and analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and other methods to determine their structures. Results This synthesis strategy constructs a series of chiral alkenyls containing a tetrasubstituted stereoisomeric center with a hydroxyindole moiety, which have high yields (excellent regioselectivity (E: Z >20:1) and good enantioselectivity (up to 86% ee). Conclusion These new alkenylpyrazolone adduct are expected to provide material support for the search for new lead compound.

Objective The basic sources of A.erubescens in “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China” include Arisaema erubescens(wall.) Schott. Arisaema.heterophyllum Blume and Arisaema.amurense Maxim, which is most widely distributed in Liaoning, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China.The chemical constituents of A.erubescens are complex, but the reports of its main pharmacological and pharmacodynamic chemical constituents are not perfect; And it is impossible to identify the difference between A.erubescens from different sources. At present, there are few studies on the exclusive HPLC fingerprint of A.erubescens for identification and control of genuine and counterfeit products. Therefore, the separation and purification of lipid components in this paper is helpful to establish the exclusive HPLC fingerprint of A.erubescens and provide a basis for the identification of the quality of different basic A.erubescens and its decoction pieces. Methods:This method describes a complete process for the extraction and isolation of compounds from the tubers of *Arisaema heterophyllum*. First, the sliced medicinal material was subjected to reflux extraction with 95% ethanol, followed by concentration to obtain a total extract. The extract was then roughly separated by silica gel column chromatography using a gradient elution with dichloromethane-methanol and ethyl acetate-methanol solvent systems in varying ratios. The fractions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and those with similar compositions were combined to yield 11 fractions. Fraction III was further separated by Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography with 70% methanol as the eluent. The subfractions were monitored by polyamide TLC and combined to obtain four subfractions. Finally, after analysis by liquid chromatography, the target subfraction was purified using semi-preparative liquid chromatography to obtain a relatively pure sample. Results Two monomers were isolated and identified as terpineol and (E)-p-Coumaryl Alcohol by combining NMR and physicochemical properties. Conclusion:Pine alcohol and (E)-p-Coumaryl Alcohol were isolated from A.erubescens for the first time.It is suggested that the content of phenylpropanoids in fat-soluble components of A.erubescens may be higher.

Objective To provide a reference for the application of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides. Methods This study reviewed literature to summarize the research progress on the isolation and purification, physicochemical properties, structural identification, and hypoglycemic activity of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides. Conclusion The extraction process of Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharides requires further optimization. The physicochemical properties and structural identification methods have been well-established, demonstrating promising hypoglycemic activity.

Objective This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis using network pharmacology.Methods In this study, high-throughput retrieval of active components of Datura metel was first performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform combined with the PubChem chemoinformatics database. Subsequently, the Swiss Target Prediction system was used to conduct target spectrum analysis on candidate active compounds. Simultaneously, psoriasis-related targets were systematically captured through the OMIM disease genomics database and GeneCards gene annotation knowledge base. Finally, the Venny 2.1.0 bioinformatics visualization tool was employed for topological analysis of the drug-disease target network, and core action target groups of Datura metel in treating psoriasis were revealed through multi-dimensional validation mechanisms. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and the core genes of PPI were screened plugin of Cytoscape software. The "drug-component-target-disease" network diagrams were constructed using Cytoscape software. The DAVID database was used to conduct gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis on the above intersection target sites to obtain the biological mechanism of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis.Results Through database analysis, 310 target sites of Datura stramonium were screened out, 4466 psoriasis-related target sites were obtained, and 224 common target sites were identified. 49 key target sites were screened out from the PPI network. GO functional enrichment analysis shows that the biological processes and functions of Datura metel are concentrated on protein- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related functions, plasma membrane and membrane structures in cellular components, and protein phosphorylation and chromatin remodeling activity in molecular functions, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the treatment of psoriasis by Datura stramonium mainly involved pathways in cancer, endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, prostate cancer, etc.Conclusion Based on the network pharmacology research method, this study found that the pharmacological basis of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis lies in its multiple active components that can exert effects through a multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic regulatory network. The research results provide important theoretical support for further in-depth exploration of the mechanism of Datura stramonium in treating psoriasis and its clinical application. 

Objective Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. contains a lot of triterpenoid saponins, volatile oil, flavonoids, polysaccharides and amino acids, which have some effects on the germination and growth of plant seeds.In this experiment, the effect of aqueous extracts from different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. on wheat seed germination was studied by using culture dish filter paper method. In the experiment, different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. were extracted by water, 2 g powder of different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. were extracted by water bath with 100 mL ultra-pure water at 65 °C for 1 h, and mother liquor was obtained, then diluted to the appropriate concentration of extract solution, then we made the medium to culture the wheat seeds, through observing the germination of the wheat seeds on the medium of the blank control group and the water extract of different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC., to analyze the effect of aqueous extracts from different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. on the germination of wheat seeds, the germination percentage and germination potential of wheat seeds were measured at different time.The results showed that the aqueous extract from roots and stems of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. had a certain effect on the germination of wheat seeds, and the effect of the aqueous extract from stems was better than that of roots, but at the same concentration, the aqueous extract of leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. showed almost inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination.

Objective To explore a green and efficient method for the preparation of benzocaine. Methods In this study, p-nitrobenzyl alcohol was used as the starting material. p-Nitrobenzoic acid was synthesized using a co-oxidation system of trichloroisocyanuric acid and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide, followed by esterification and reduction to obtain benzocaine. Results The optimal synthesis conditions for p-nitrobenzoic acid were determined through an L₉(3³) orthogonal experiment as follows: reaction time of 60 minutes, trichloroisocyanuric acid dosage of 14 g, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide dosage of 0.2 g. Under these conditions, the yield of p-nitrobenzoic acid was 42.37%. Conclusion This experimental method has the advantages of simple operation, short reaction time, greenness, and low reaction temperature, providing a more environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzocaine.

Objective Based on network pharmacology, to explore the therapeutic effect of Simo Decoction on Functional Constipation (FC). Methods TCMSP, DisGeNET, Gene cards, OMIM, and SwissTarget Prediction reverse molecular docking server were used to predict the possible effective components in Simo Decoction and their potential targets in the treatment of FC. With the help of STRING database, PPI network is constructed to identify the core target. Subsequently, these core targets are imported into Cytoscape software, and the mutual graph of PPI network is drawn. In addition, the functional classification of Gene Ontology, GO) and the enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were carried out on these effective targets by using David bioinformatics resources. Results Simo Decoction has 40 active components and 575 action targets, and 211 action targets related to the pathogenesis of FC. Through topological analysis, 41 key therapeutic targets were obtained. According to the degree value, AKTI, TNF, SRC, BCL2 and EGFR were selected, and boldine, quercetin, kaempferol and 6,7-dimethoxy -2 -(2-phenylethyl) were selected. 1245 GO function items and 178 signal paths were obtained by enrichment analysis. Conclusion Simotang can comprehensively regulate key biological processes such as anti-inflammatory reaction and cell cycle regulation through its compound components and multi-target mechanism. These comprehensive effects are helpful to improve the peristalsis ability of the intestine, and then have a therapeutic effect on functional constipation.

Objective This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation services on medication error deviations in endocrine patients, through in-depth analysis of medication reconciliation implementation for endocrine patients. Methods Based on WHO's High 5S standard operating procedures and guidelines for medication reconciliation, a practical process was developed. Adult inpatients in the Endocrinology Department of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January to December 2024 were selected for practice exploration. Patient information was collected, categorized, and summarized. Medication discrepancies between BPMH and medical orders were identified and classified as intentional or unintentional. The potential harm of unintentional discrepancies was evaluated. SPSS was used for multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the correlation between patients' general conditions, clinical characteristics, and unintentional medication discrepancies. Results This study systematically analyzed drug reconciliation data of 354 endocrinology inpatients. The mean age was 59.46±11.85 years, with 85.03% having diabetes as the main diagnosis. Patients had an average of 7.18±3.23 co-diagnoses and 3.96±2.78 medications in BPMH, 56.78% of which were from verbal reports with medication packages. The maximum number of medications per patient was 14. Results showed 85 patients had unintentional medication discrepancies (UMD). Missed doses, delayed discontinuation, and overlooked administrations were the most common UMD types, accounting for 56.57%, 18.86%, and 12.57% respectively, with Level 1 being the main potential harm. ATC coding indicated digestive/metabolic, cardiovascular, and blood/hematopoietic drugs were the top three drug classes involved in UMD, at 44.00%, 26.86%, and 8.00%. Physician experience, BPMH medication count and data source significantly affected UMD occurrence. Conclusion Analysis of medication reconciliation data from 354 endocrinology inpatients revealed the widespread presence of unintentional medication discrepancies (UMD), with the most common issue being missed doses, and potential harms primarily classified as Category 1. The medications involved mainly fell under categories such as alimentary tract and metabolism, and cardiovascular system, which correlates with patients' multimorbidity and complex medication regimens. This study confirmed that the number of Best Possible Medication Histories, their sources, and admitting physician involvement were all associated with increased UMD risk. To mitigate UMD risks and ensure medication safety, standardized medication reconciliation processes must be established, multidisciplinary collaboration strengthened, clinical pharmacists' expertise leveraged, information collection optimized, and targeted interventions developed based on influencing factors. These findings may also serve as a reference for other departments and healthcare institutions. 

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of stevia rebaudiana polysaccharide (SRP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its therapeutic effect on cell fat accumulation. Methods Cultivation of LO2 cells and measurement of their proliferative activity, treatment of LO2 cells with stevia rebaudiana root polysaccharides at different concentrations to determine whether stevia rebaudiana cells have toxicity to LO2 cells, induction of LO2 cells with oleic acid (OA), development of a cell model of NAFLD in vitro, Use of cck8 to measure cell activity, and with oil red O staining to observe fat accumulation.Treatment with oleic acid (OA) in different concentrations of Stevia Rebaudiana polysaccharide induced LO2 cells and oily red O staining was performed to observe the improvement of Stevia Rebaudiana polysaccharide on LO2 fat accumulation. Results After SRP treatment, SRP significantly reduced the accumulation of fat around LO2 cells. Conclusion Stevia rebaudiana polysaccharide can prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating lipid metabolism disorders and reducing the accumulation of fat around cells.Therefore, stevia root polysaccharide plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Polygonati Rhizoma is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) contains three medicinal source species of Polygonatum sibiricum Red., Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and the main medicinal part is its rhizome. Polygonati Rhizoma have sweet and mild property, rich in polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and other active ingredients. The content of active ingredients is the determining factor for the normal efficacy of TCM, and the active ingredient extraction process applied to Polygonati Rhizoma is continuously optimized along with the innovation of the extraction technology of TCM ingredients, and the active ingredient extraction methods and process conditions applicable to medicinal and edible Polygonati Rhizoma are different. Therefore, it is very important to choose the correct and effective extraction method to improve the yield of active ingredients according to their characteristics and purposes. This paper reviewed the various extraction methods for the active components of Polygonati Rhizoma, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and the current application status of the extraction process, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the selection of the optimal extraction process of the active components of Polygonati Rhizoma for different applications.

Objective Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. contains a lot of triterpenoid saponins, volatile oil, flavonoids, polysaccharides and amino acids, which have some effects on the germination and growth of plant seeds.In this experiment, the effect of aqueous extracts from different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. on wheat seed germination was studied by using culture dish filter paper method. In the experiment, different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. were extracted by water, 2 g powder of different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. were extracted by water bath with 100 mL ultra-pure water at 65 °C for 1 h, and mother liquor was obtained, then diluted to the appropriate concentration of extract solution, then we made the medium to culture the wheat seeds, through observing the germination of the wheat seeds on the medium of the blank control group and the water extract of different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC., to analyze the effect of aqueous extracts from different parts of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. on the germination of wheat seeds, the germination percentage and germination potential of wheat seeds were measured at different time.The results showed that the aqueous extract from roots and stems of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. had a certain effect on the germination of wheat seeds, and the effect of the aqueous extract from stems was better than that of roots, but at the same concentration, the aqueous extract of leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. showed almost inhibitory effect on wheat seed germination.

Objective Based on network pharmacology, to explore the therapeutic effect of Simo Decoction on Functional Constipation (FC). Methods TCMSP, DisGeNET, Gene cards, OMIM, and SwissTarget Prediction reverse molecular docking server were used to predict the possible effective components in Simo Decoction and their potential targets in the treatment of FC. With the help of STRING database, PPI network is constructed to identify the core target. Subsequently, these core targets are imported into Cytoscape software, and the mutual graph of PPI network is drawn. In addition, the functional classification of Gene Ontology, GO) and the enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were carried out on these effective targets by using David bioinformatics resources. Results Simo Decoction has 40 active components and 575 action targets, and 211 action targets related to the pathogenesis of FC. Through topological analysis, 41 key therapeutic targets were obtained. According to the degree value, AKTI, TNF, SRC, BCL2 and EGFR were selected, and boldine, quercetin, kaempferol and 6,7-dimethoxy -2 -(2-phenylethyl) were selected. 1245 GO function items and 178 signal paths were obtained by enrichment analysis. Conclusion Simotang can comprehensively regulate key biological processes such as anti-inflammatory reaction and cell cycle regulation through its compound components and multi-target mechanism. These comprehensive effects are helpful to improve the peristalsis ability of the intestine, and then have a therapeutic effect on functional constipation.

Objective To monitor the expression changes of wheat disease resistance genes at different time intervals after root irrigation with the cell-free fermentation filtrate of Streptomyces sp. strain HU2014, thereby laying an experimental foundation for further research on the biocontrol mechanisms. Methods Wheat plants were cultivated, and Streptomyces was cultured to prepare the cell-free fermentation filtrate. The wheat plants were treated with the filtrate via root irrigation, and samples were collected at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 120 h post-treatment, followed by storage at -80°C. Total RNA was extracted from wheat leaves using the Trizol method, and first-strand cDNA was synthesized via reverse transcription. Using Actin as the internal reference gene, the transcript levels of the target genes were detected by a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR system. Results The expression of the GLU gene peaked at 24 h and subsequently decreased; the PAL gene reached its highest expression at 24 h and began to decline at 72 h; the PR-1 gene peaked at 24 h and then decreased rapidly; the LOX gene reached its maximum expression at 6 h. Conclusion Based on the experimental data, the cell-free fermentation filtrate of Streptomyces sp. strain HU2014 can induce the upregulation of wheat disease resistance genes. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on the biocontrol mechanisms of Streptomyces against wheat fungal diseases.

Objective Fufang Qiling Granules is a clinical experience prescription composed of seven traditional Chinese medicines : Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae, Herba Coicis, Semen Coicis and Fructus Citri Reticulatae. It has the effects of invigorating spleen and kidney, clearing heat and removing dampness, removing blood stasis and turbidity, and has a good therapeutic effect on hyperuricemia. It can inhibit the formation of uric acid, promote the excretion of uric acid and improve the clinical symptoms of patients. Methods In this study, the standard decoctions obtained by the combination of various medicinal materials from different producing areas and different batches were prepared. The extract rate and content of index components of different batches of standard decoctions were determined. The quality of the standard decoction of fufang Qiling granules was evaluated and the quality control range was given. Results Through the experiment, the pH index parameter range of the standard decoction of fufang Qiling granules was 3.63-6.73, and the index parameter range of the paste rate was 15.38 % -28.56 % ; at the same time, the range of index parameters for the content and transfer rate of five index components such as loganic acid, gentiopicroside, astilbin, salvianolic acid B and astragaloside IV was also determined. Conclusion The results showed that Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma had a great influence on the material basis of the standard decoction of fufang Qiling Granules. It was suggested that more strict control should be taken in the selection and preparation of this medicinal material to achieve the consistency of the production of fufang Qiling Granules.